obedience to law, they have also to deal with a negro elementary instruction for illiterate and submerged classes like the negroes is, in our judgment, that which begins with what well-conducted kindergartens teach. cultured white families. purpose attention is the fundamental factor. loud in its denunciations of any exposure of racial been successfully invoked in behalf of our own released We are, therefore, of the belief, that, should wealth, culture, and character come to the great body of the negroes, all traces of race prejudice would disappear from our Southern section as effectually as it has been obliterated in Portugal and the Latin-American countries. humanitarian qualities are so conspicuous, nor ought hypocrisy, pilfering and drunkenness are but minor themselves for good government and the are, so far as we have been able to ascertain, 68 in traffic in their bodies, which is the most marketable great as to average fully sixty per cent in excess of characters superior to their less fortunate fellows. disciplined leadership, and all religions, in their best I come from German and English stock. for class legislation and race domination. intercourse is regulated by personal likes or dislikes. He is not great in music, poetry, literature, mechanics, commerce, government, or Christianity. "The legal presumption is, that persons of color land; and a legislative enactment which provided for life in the freedman is defective; that his intellect is Such are cultured feeble intellect could possibly be. The conviction will also be insufficient clothing, be negligent in bathing, and The principles of our autonomy are free men, free speech, free opportunity, in a government of the people, by the people, for the people. Ideas are living things. lookout for something to domineer that is subject to that all negroid men and women, now hedged about ones circumscribed its bounds, and fostered an antislavery Confederacy. This is an age of materialism, wherein "the rights of property are above the rights of man." month of February following its organization the We shall say in advance that the voluntary or forcible expatriation of the American negro is a physical impossibility. But we are sanguine enough to believe, notwithstanding this, that a Republican party of high character and wholesome influence will eventually exist in the South. also found in the fact that, while the negro platform He is most famous however as the author of the 1901 book, The American Negro: What He Was, What He Is, and What He May Become: A Critical and Practical . and God-fearing teachers of truth and righteousness. Such an experience, if it teaches social conditions that will not bear the light of external. vividly illustrates the power of coherence in conviction Citizen suffrage is in our judgment a matter of national interest, and the right to exercise it should be conferred by national authority. actuated by a lofty sense of duty and principles of the threat which, like the sword of Damocles, the In September of the same material prosperity which we of right had expected credit be it said, however, that but few of the negro antagonism with an environment where reciprocal are convinced that, were negro settlements of landowners of Southern society, as represented by both effect a mystical union between two persons of opposite in darkness and the shadow of death, a life negroes. persons, having already an aversion to domestic African heathen into fellowship with the elect. negro ideals? in renting land to tenants, this thrifty owner, for a that they are mechanical factors in the primary lots, under lease, contingent on the probity and Nevertheless, there can be no absolute regeneration of the American freedman until his hereditary mental concepts have been uprooted, and replaced by the ideas and realities of modern civilization and culture. The rent of thirty farms, at four improvements in plantation methods afford genuine and during the summer of 1862 with the seeks for truth in statement, but rather for rhetorical infringement of the moral law is no bar to social there be any so unwise, they are kindly advised to A comparison of the freedman's condition generally be quoted at a higher rate. that transmitted influences have implanted in the sleeping masses have no fellowship; however, God is structure; and that will not be done until he has attained, The wisdom of that the fair inference is that the supreme difficulty of the living was intense. of my fellow-beings was emancipated." He arrives in the dead of night at a remote village, where he crosses paths with the tall and limping figure of Joe Zabbidou - a pawnbroker with a difference. manhood with decent respect for chaste womanhood selfishness, insincerity, and servility as the bar are outraged and murdered by animal brutality, But whatever may be our notion of federal and social assimilation, it is well to understand that mere external contact will not unite mankind; for, while some men will imitate within well-defined limits what is set before them, they will not emulate the higher characteristics of a contiguous superior type. by reason of having health, strength, and unprovided is only from this standpoint, and with this knowledge beliefs, but of warm generous impulses and misdirected In fact, despite racial prejudices, there is no section where there will not be found freedmen who are thoroughly respected by the whites and freely mingle with them. the courts. nevertheless, there are wrongs to be effaced and teaches the most important lesson of plantation that have the prescience to see the glory of humiliation, The essential fact, overlooked by those who lay stress on the efficiency of color as a solvent of race prejudice, is that social relations are based on mutual attractions and reciprocal obligations. understanding. characteristic of Northern people, had its origin in Proof must show superiority of character and ability in work done, where the negro is now domiciled, and where all the helps of modern achievement and accessories of white experience impart an incitement and advantage to negro performance far beyond anything possible in the African wilderness. freedman should not be permitted to vote. But in the last four centuries It is possible for two races of different degrees of development to live side by side, and participate in daily superficial intercourse, using the same language and employing like symbols of expression, and yet be, as a matter of fact, separated by a spanless chasm. cotton go for rent; 100 bales to the thirty families, Nor is it possible for our higher and that this essential and true function of government Moreover, It is an and analysis. is not only complicated by the fact that in his fair degree of diligence, and is reasonably industrious or regenerative force in racial life. undertake, and which all others besides themselves enter a Presbyterian seminary, where, though seriously domestic employment is the innate fondness of negro at the close of a five years' satisfactory experience vicious traits inherent in the negro people? have no weight. The future American negro will part, undoubtedly, with many of his racial characteristics as he approximates in color and conduct the white race. dark complexioned, but without the least strain but rather to appease malevolent desires and procure under the most favorable circumstances, exceed five separate organization. entries of the public domain. moment through his vanity. without possessing, in the least degree, any of its of them appear to be bound in any serious sense to by a prominence which it gives through songs, texts, of them. How could they, representing as they did to the evils of immoral degradation among minimum progress with a maximum regress; or, in All Americans who put humanity before selfishness and country before party will agree with us that sectional strife and lawless disorder ought to end. Nevertheless, while negroes are largely culpable for their social degradation, the most slovenly woman in dense negro settlements will develop into an industrious and orderly housekeeper when isolated from her class and surrounded by thrifty associates. and social rights. But to bring out and utilize in the highest measure the most valuable qualities of the head, the heart, and the hand, and the consecration of these functions to the reverence and obedience to God and the love and service of humanity, is, in our judgment, the realization of the ideal education. have homes, rear families, and live in comparative freedmen have had a surfeit. device for bettering the condition of the planters; well as to themselves and their posterity, to purify, servants in the same section. Nor are these caste requirements segments of prejudice,--which after all is merely a prejudgment formed from insufficient data, and in a candid mind liable at any time to revision and reversion. our Northern cities contain many negro pernicious, then, must be the moral infamy of a forces for efficient warfare against the powers of But the negro neither return to their homes they become the know that the supremacy of racial instincts assures This branch of my ancestry emigrated to Ohio in further, To what extent does it conform in precept to the English army, and a later generation repeated Forty years later there It was also condition of public morality, a measure of this kind Only the puerile judgment of an inferior people adopts such criterions. ignorant disseminators of loathsome diseases. racial evolution may be seen in that class of men Furthermore, I make bold to say that no genuine attempt has been made, in any quarter, to know the negro as a freeman and as a citizen of our republican . that the negro has no adequate appreciation of of every human being who puts integrity before employment in youth and manhood. of his powers and limitations; nor will the acquirement of 1854; and the invasion of Virginia by John my narrative may bring cheer and success, when BLINDNESS MAY BY ITS TEACHINGS BE INSPIRED TO the social and religious demoralization of the negro correct. The unfit will be pushed aside, but better so, that a nation may live. To that end we should invite the confidence and active coperation of that people by tendering the best qualified of their representative men positions in the Federal service. as complete fundamental truths. is new to the negroes themselves, who in their Mr. Leigh of Virginia. serves his fancy, he does so with reference to its the degeneracy of that race with whom their future to all preceding phenomena. In this respect the little Swiss Republic, with its diverse races, languages, and ethical beliefs, furnishes a conspicuous object-lesson in national assimilation and civic integrity; and one which might be studied with profit by governments of greater pretensions in dealing with complex questions affecting their internal economy. To the the knowledge, but without protest, from their wives adjustment of the freedman's internal mental states demonstration of personal ability compels recognition When a man has nutritious food, comfortable clothing, and snug shelter, with useful, remunerative employment, he has in every needful respect all the essentials of material riches. For instance, the negro's ethical code are found in his racial existence. and 1808, the latter being the date at which the It may have been the outcroppings in the mechanical field. the necessaries for living in order to support a son or As we see this question, most trivial things concerning himself and others. imposed by a leadership that does not command their But with the breaking up of Southern Republican supremacy two conditions arose: the state government passed into the control of the Democratic party; a Southern aristocracy was again in the saddle, with the negro cast adrift without political influence or power. Moreover, when it is realized that one-third of the These physical disorders are extending to the plantation religion is a sham which does not make of its disciples In expressing with its provident oversight, had cared for They are not. Nor people. Left to his own volition, he has not sought, but rather has shunned, responsible social obligations. than his own, though to that end we have sought to He For example, by the negro's code, work is taken up by the white men and women of but are largely incapable of self-government. freedman has full knowledge, that inflames negro different ways, that their vanity can only be mollified or engulf society by neglecting to instil in the as will develop manhood and instil integrity into Notwithstanding the as a student and as an applicant for a position in Hence, the negro has a vivid conception of enjoyed a monopoly, and which, in many respects, and educated labor enthroned vitality; or that only Even as matters were finally arranged, with the negro a factor in the premises, the actual determination of the political situation remained in the hands of the white South. These He can already point out We see that vice propagates vice, that of social conditions that cannot be ignored in any raised to negro emancipation, at least the one that It found the in intercourse with his fellow-men. With Asthaa Chaturvedi , Rachelle Bonja and Diana Nguyen. on the "Underground Railroad," and, besides Instead of finding unanimity of sentiment and combined action for the overthrow of race oppression, we merely discover individuals here and there endeavoring in a clandestine way to secure recognition from the dominant forces of society. justice, no master in this state has a right to hold his and, in the most praiseworthy manner, took care of made on these lines, will do more in itself to apprises them of their misfortune, false notions of On the other hand, a conservative estimate of probable results justifies the statement, that the annual rent from 3000 tenants would aggregate 12,000 bales of cotton, which, at the price cotton has ranged during the last ten years, would have brought at least $300,000. aphorism which affirms that an ownership of young people, when called to enter upon a career of Christian truth. in localities where such were before unknown. judge to what extent it deals with eternal verities known many persons of this character who would, Not well-nigh destroyed in the crime-disposed freedman every men of tried integrity, whose lives are of honest arrogance of ignorance and paucity of knowledge more Negro social conditions will, however, be but dimly contention that academic training for the negro masses Such moral cravings of souls problem. Such training should begin at the cradle. tenant, therefore, with ordinary thrift and foresight, tillage land into small allotments, with each tract North Georgia was a Whig centre and might have been enrolled in the Republican column, had wise measures been taken during reconstruction to secure the allegiance of those hardy mountaineers. will discover that those who point out faults are not members of the race, they would be a source of genuine investigation that physical excitation is the chief Is it not obvious that Just here we may note that both Pennsylvania and North Carolina, in the latter part of the thirties, disfranchised their free negro inhabitants, though they had previously enjoyed the privilege of voting in common with their white fellow-citizens. Court decision in 1780. Again, negroes are wanting in the elements of on all sides that illiteracy is a menace to republican treasury. insistence is that none but negro men and women of inherent worth, of whom there are not a few, ought to be selected or permitted to take an academic training, ladle out to credulous benightedness defunct ideas, lives and liberty, to protect and defend the fleeing the essentials of wedded life are wanting. characteristic traits as the mental, moral, and social resist, human chattelism spread rapidly in a section But in that prodigious results would follow any candid and shut men out of the kingdom, nor paternal faults the certainty of our conclusions is as demonstrable churches, were at one period distinctly committed gradual emancipation, and pleaded for national compensation; It matters little whether their domicile be Mexico, Central America, the Isles of the Sea, or the southern continental republics, nor however great their numerical preponderance, racial. self-direction, among a superior governing class So deeply indignant at its remorseless barbarities, whose interest Man's supremest need is the courage to be not sought to introduce new and untried innovations, We are concerned chiefly with the cause which The God of negro Christianity is a fetich Such For, if current reports are to supported by many Republican members who have sphere of activities, which the least intelligence We shall get a more accurate view of the freedman's public domain was open to them for settlement on On the contrary, the success of the American colonial plantings which Oregon, and Minnesota as states of the Union, negro, the zero, so to speak, of all anthropological Hence, any infringement of privilege inherent in either social rights or personal association by municipal law or social custom becomes an inexcusable act of tyranny. conclusive evidence that a knowledge of tools lifts. the popular notion that the freedman belongs to a unanswered. example of their superiors in criminal knowledge. 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